The understanding of mitral valve pathology is facilitated by the use of the "pathophysiological triad" described by Carpentier. The pathophysiological triad is composed of etiology (cause of the disease), valve lesions (resulting from the disease) and valve dysfunction (resulting from the lesions). These distinctions are relevant because long-term prognosis depends on etiology, whereas treatment strategy and surgical techniques depend on valve dysfunctions and lesions respectively.
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